[Dl-members] Judo Japanese Vocabulary

[flugenblar]

*Judo Japanese Vocabulary*





*Numbers*

Japanese use different words for counting different types of things. Judo
practices use the same numbers that the Japanese military does for
exercises. Some of the words for numbers used in a different context, like
judo belt ranks, are different than the ones used for exercises.  These
alternatives are provided in parenthesis.



ichi                   one

ni                     two

san                  three

shi (yon)          four

go                    five

roku                 six

shichi (nana)   seven

hachi               eight

ku (kyu)           nine

ju                     ten

ju-ichi               eleven

ju-ni                 twelve

niju                   twenty

hachiju-roku    eighty-six





*Judo Basics *

Jigoro Kano                 founder of judo

seiryoku zenyo            maximum efficiency with minimal effort  (first
principal of judo)
jita kyoei                      mutual benefit and welfare (second
principal of judo)

dojo                             training place

judoka                         person who studies judo

sensei                          teacher

sempai                                    higher-ranked student

kohai                           lower-ranked student

-dan *(suffix)*                 major (black-belt) rank

yudansha                    black belt judoka

-kyu *(suffix)*                 minor (white-belt) rank

mudansha                   white belt judoka





*Judo Class*

joseki / shomen           place of honor (front wall of dojo)

tatami                          mat

judogi                           judo uniform

uwagi                           judo jacket

zubon                          judo pants

obi                               belt

eri                                lapel (of jacket)

seiza                            kneeling

kiotsuke                       attention

rei                                bow

ritsurei                         standing bow

zarei                            kneeling bow

hajime                         begin

matte                           stop

sore-made                   finished, time is up

tori                               judoka performing a technique

uke                              judoka receiving a technique

ukemi                          fall

zempo kaiten ukemi   forward rolling fall

onegai-shimasu           please (work with me)

kudasai                        please (do something)

domo arigato               thanks (for the practice)

arigato gozaimasu       thank you (more polite)

domo arigato

gozaimasu       thank you very much (formal)

gomen nasai               sorry





*Body Parts*

tai                                body

te                                 hand

ashi                              foot

koshi (goshi)                hip

kata                             shoulder

ude                              forearm

kote                             wrist

hiza                              knee

momo                          thigh

ashikubi                       ankle

kibisu                           heel

mune                           chest

atama                          head

kubi                             neck

ago                              chin





*Technique*

waza                            technique

tachi-waza                   standing technique

katame-waza              holding technique

ne-waza                      ground technique

nage-waza                  throwing technique

osaekomi-waza           pinning technique

shime-waza                 choking technique

kansetsu-waza            joint lock technique

tokui-waza                   favorite technique



renshu                         practice

uchikomi                     fitting in practice

keiko                           trading techniques

randori                         free practice

kata                             form practice



zanshin                        awareness

kamae                         posture

maai                            engagement distance

ki                                 spirit or vital energy

kiai                               spirit shout

tai sabaki                     body movement

kuzushi                        unbalancing

tsukuri                         fitting in

kake                            completion



kumi kata                    gripping

ai-yotsu                       similar grip (that is, right to right or
left to left)

kenka-yotsu                opposing grip (that is left to right or right to
left)

tsurite                          lifting hand (sometimes called the power
hand)

hikite                            pulling hand

tsuri-komi                    lifting/pulling action

mawari                                    turning

otoshi                           drop

gaeshi  (kaeshi)           reversal

sukashi                        counter

sutemi                         sacrifice

renraku                        combination

gatame / katame         hold, or holding technique



shizentai                      natural posture

jigotai                           defensive posture

suriashi                        walking on the balls of the feet

ayumi-ashi                  alternate steps

tsugi-ashi                     trailing foot steps



hidari                           left

migi                             right

kami                            upper

mae                             front

ushiro                          back

yoko                            side

soto                             outside

uchi                             inside

ura                               upside-down

kuzure                         modified (position)

ko- *(prefix)*                  small

o- *(prefix)*                    big

gari                              sweep or reap

shiho                            four corners

ebi                               shrimp (a form of escape in newaza)



* *

*Tournaments*

shiai                             competition

ippon                           full point (victory)

wazaari                        half point

yuko                            minor score

shido                            minor penalty

hansoku-make            major penalty (disqualification)

osaekomi                    pin

toketa                          pin is broken

sonomama                  freeze (i.e., do not move)

hikiwake                      tie

hantei                          decision

yoshi                            continue

maitta                          “I give up” (submission)



ippon gachi                  victory by ippon

yusei gachi                  victory by judges’ decision

kiken gachi                  victory by withdrawal / injury

sogo gachi                   compound victory by points plus penalties



 Pronouncing Japanese Words


The Japanese language is phonetically structured, so pronouncing words is
often simpler than in English.  Also, unlike many other languages, no
syllable is accented:  each syllable in Japanese gets the same intonation
(see below).  Use the following guidelines to help find the correct
pronunciation:



·         Each syllable in a Japanese word is one of the following:

   1. a vowel on it’s own: a / e / i / o / u
   2. A consonant followed by a vowel (e.g., “ni”)
   3. The syllabic “n” (e.g., “dan” is “da”-“n”)


·         All syllables have the same emphasis, no accent
(e.g.,  “gatame” is “ga”-“ta”-“me”, *not* “GA”-“ta”-me” / “ga”-“TA”-“me”)



·         Vowels always have the same pronunciation:

   1. a =>  “aa”, like “hah”
   2. e =>  “eh”, like “day”
   3. i =>   “ee”, like “fee”
   4. o =>  “oh”, like “hoe”
   5. u =>  “oo”, like “you”


There are no dipthongs, each vowel is pronounced independently.
   (e.g., “shiai” is pronounced “shi”-“a”-“i”)

 ·         A double vowel has twice the length, but is unbroken:  “oo” is
“o-”

 ·         A double consonant represents pause before the syllable
  (e.g., “maitta” is “ma“-“i”-(pause)-“ta”)

·         A “i” or “u” after a soft consonant at the end of a word is
typically undervoiced.
Examples:

“ichi”   =>  “each”
“kuzushi”  => “ku”-“zu”-“sh_”
“masu” => “mas”



“gari” =>  “gah”-“ree”

“kubi” => “koo”-“bee”









*Last revised: 7/20/2013 by Matt Plavcan*

-- 

*Craig Engel*
please use my gmail address: flugenblar at gmail.com